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PFALZ-NEUBURG: Wolfgang Wilhelm, 1614-1653, AE 4 pfennig (0.79g), Gundelfingen, ND (1622), VF

Currency:USD Category:Coins & Paper Money / World Coins - Europe Start Price:35.00 USD Estimated At:40.00 - 60.00 USD
PFALZ-NEUBURG: Wolfgang Wilhelm, 1614-1653, AE 4 pfennig (0.79g), Gundelfingen, ND (1622), VF
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PFALZ-NEUBURG: Wolfgang Wilhelm, 1614-1653, AE 4 pfennig (0.79g), Gundelfingen, ND (1622), KM-11, Noss-301, Kraaz-549, 'kipper' issue, VF. "Kipper und Wipper" was a financial crisis during the start of the Thirty Years' War. Starting around 1621, city-states in the Holy Roman Empire began to heavily debase currency in order to raise revenue for the Thirty Years' War, as effective taxation did not exist. More and more mints were established until the debased metal coins were so worthless that children allegedly played with them in the street.